基于网络点评数据的天津北宁公园文化感知分析
Analysis of Cultural Perception of Beining Park in Tianjin Based on Online Review Data
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摘要: 【目的】文化感知已经成为公园文化景观的重要价值构成。游客对公园的文化感知状态直接影响他们对公园的印象和体验。探究游客的文化感知状态对于提升公园形象和传达场所精神具有重要的意义。【方法】以天津北宁公园为研究区域,通过抓取国内4个主要旅游社交类网络平台的点评数据,构建公园评论数据库,对评论文本进行多层级词频分析、情感倾向及公园文化感知程度的重要性—表现性(importance-performance, IPA)分析,有助于自下而上地解读游客的景观认知。【结果】北宁公园使用人群主要为本地游客,公园景观已经成为本地游客集体记忆的一部分。本地游客重视儿时记忆,对于公园景观风貌和公园的年代感有较强的认同度和关注度,但是对于公园涉及的历史人物、事件及其与城市的关联,缺少深入了解。游客对于新建的园林建筑和公园的文化活动具有一定的认可度,但是关注程度较低。【结论】北宁公园是天津城市历史文化景观记忆的重要组成部分。居民与游客对公园的历史文化景点有高关注和认可,但对后期改建和更新景观的关注度较低,可能引发负面情绪。保留历史景点、强调景点风貌和历史性,以及推广相关传统活动可以增强公园的历史文化形象,吸引更多游客的关注和认同。本研究证实了网络点评数据在文化感知方面的可用性,为后续城市公园文化景观更新与保护提供了依据。Abstract: Objective Cultural perception has gradually become an important value component of cultural landscape in parks. Visitors' cultural perception of a park directly affects their impression and experience of the park. Exploring tourists' perception of cultural landscape is of great significance in improving the image of park and conveying the spirit of place.Methods Taking Tianjin Beining Park as the research area, this research constructs a park review database by capturing review data from four major travel social networking platforms in China, and conducts multi-level word frequency analysis on review texts and IPA(importance-performance) analysis on tourists' emotional tendency towards and cultural perception of the park, which is conducive to interpreting tourists' landscape perception from the bottom up.Results The results show that local tourists are the main users of Beining Park, and the park's landscape has become part of their collective memory. Local tourists attach importance to their childhood memories and have a strong sense of identity and concern for the park's landscape style and features and sense of age, but lack in-depth understanding of the historical figures and events involved in the park and their connection with the city. Tourists recognize newly built garden buildings and cultural activities in the park to a certain extent, but pay less attention to them.Conclusion Beining Park is an important part of the urban historical and cultural landscape memory of Tianjin. Residents and tourists have high concern and recognition for the park's historical and cultural attractions, while paying less attention to subsequent landscape alteration or renewal, which may trigger negative emotions among them. Preserving the park's historical attractions, emphasizing the style and features and historicity of such attractions, and promoting related traditional activities can improve the historical and cultural image of the park and attract more attention and recognition from tourists. This research confirms the usability of online review data in cultural perception, and provides a basis for subsequent renewal and preservation of cultural landscape in urban parks.