Abstract: The spatial characteristics of both green space itself and its surroundings have an important effect on the shaping of plant habitats. Taking road greenbelts in built environment as the research object, and applying digital simulation and filed sampling survey, the study analyzed the characteristics of main habitat factors, including illumination, local wind, soil moisture, soil physical and chemical properties, and discussed their relationship with the road greenbelt spatial factors. It is found that the illumination factor and local wind condition are closely related to the street canyon shape and greenbelt locations on the roads; and the soil moisture and its pH value are significantly correlated with the widths of greenbelts. The habitat research provides scientific basis for greenbelt plant construction, leading to a bidirectional adaptation between planting design and site design.