Abstract: Biodiversity is the immune system of the ecological health of rivers. It is the main goal and important task of river ecosystem restoration to restore and enhance the biodiversity of urban rivers and return life to the river. On the basis of summarizing the ecological status and biodiversity baseline before the river restoration, this paper, using Wuyuan River in Xiuying District of Haikou City as a case study, discusses the design technology and practice of ecosystem restoration of Wuyuan River, and puts forward four strategies of ecosystem restoration: 1) ecological restoration of river course—three dimensional ecological space reconstruction; 2) ecological restoration of riverbank—design of flexible ecological riparian environments; 3) river and wetland synergy—construction of river-wetland complex; 4) multi-functional habitats restoration—reconstruction of life landscape rivers. With a view to biodiversity improvement, this paper explores the innovative path and mode of urban river ecosystem restoration from the perspective of restoration of life landscape rivers. Finally, the biodiversity changes of Wuyuan River after restoration were evaluated, and the results showed that the river habitat types were diverse, the habitat quality was good, and biodiversity was improved after restoration of Wuyuan River. The practice of restoration shows that river ecological restoration based on the biodiversity improvement is more conducive to the overall conservation of river ecosystem and the optimization of river landscape quality.