Abstract: The study of the relationship between the urban historical form and the natural environment in the formation and evolution is an important basis to understand a city, and protect its historical features and regional development. Taking Hanzheng District of Wuhan City as an example, this research collects historical literature and field surveys, and selects the boundary, streets and alleys, business center, and water infrastructure as the four elements of the urban historical form. It then analyzes the evolution process and coupling relationship with the water environment from the perspective of historical development. It finds out that the coupling relationship between the historical form and the water environment of Hanzheng District has experienced the phases of extremely high, relatively high, relatively high, moderate and low. It indicates that there exists a complex mechanism among the elements of the urban historical form in the evolution, which is important to the formation and evolution of cities. The protection of urban landscape features should emphasize the discovery of the coupling relationship and internal order among the morphological elements.