Abstract: Studying the influence factors and mutual relations in the construction and management process of ancient mountain landscapes can clarify the inherent characteristics of typical regional landscapes in China. Taking the Mount Tai region in the Ming and Qing dynasties as an example, this research analyzes the spatial pattern and governance mechanism of the mountain city with fieldwork and historical literature analysis. It concludes that firstly, the Mount Tai region presents an obvious “mountain-city integration” spatial pattern, which is revealed as the core point command, key node control, linear planting and artistic conception creation. Secondly, the Mount Tai region forms a “mountain-city mutual promotion” governance mode, through the strategies of national and local coordinated management, multi-party participation in co-governance and tax-feedback. From the perspective of the national territorial spatial planning, it summarizes that the changes between traditional and modern regional landscape construction are the construction objectives, governance concepts, the interactions between human and nature and the multi-party participation. The research puts forward three suggestions to provide references for semi-natural area construction, which are to identify regional landscape and its boundaries, develop alternative futures planning, and adopt the co-governance model and adaptive management.