Abstract: Biodiversity conservation and climate governance are issues of great global concern and part of China’s national strategies. The construction of protected areas is a standard solution for both issues. However, there is currently a lack of research on the construction path of protected areas based on the synergy of biodiversity conservation and climate change response. This research reviews the development history of the synergistic governance of biodiversity conservation and climate change response in China and the world and the role of protected areas and relevant practice therein. It further analyzes the three advantages, three opportunities and three major challenges in constructing protected areas in China based on the synergy of biodiversity conservation and climate change response. On this basis, the research puts forward a framework for the construction path of protected areas in China, which is featured by the synergy of mitigation and adaptation, synergy within and outside the boundary, and synergy of system and individual. Additionally, it proposes several core points in the construction of national parks, nature reserves and various natural parks, and provide for reference a feasible construction path and possible actions from six dimensions: cognitive level, legal system, funding mechanism, management system, community response and scientific research. The research initially establishes a framework for the construction of protected areas in China based on the synergy of climate change response and biodiversity conservation, which is referential to related researches, policy formulation and work implementation.