Abstract: Climate change is one of humanity’s most pressing challenges in the 21st century. As a natural life support system, green infrastructure is an important measure to respond to the risks of climate change. Selecting literatures on the theme of “climate change” or “green infrastructure” that are published during the period from 2000 to 2020 and included in the core database of Web of Science, this research, by virtue of using bibliometric and data visualization methods, analyzes the research progress and frontiers of green infrastructure under the background of climate change. Research results show that: 1) after a slow development in the early 21st century, relevant researches have achieved rapid development since 2014; 2) relevant researches have improved the people’s cognition of the correlation between green infrastructure and climate change through preliminary theory and practice, and are now gradually expanding in multiple dimensions such as low-carbon mitigation routes, resilient adaptation countermeasures and beneficial sustainable development; 3) Nature-based Solutions (NbS) will be an important field of research in the future. This research proposes that future researches should consider the three aspects of coordinating new actions to respond to climate change, broadening the new cognition of the relationship between human and climate, and breaking a new path of sustainable low-carbon development, which can provide reference for relevant researches.