Dutch Practices in Urban Stormwater Management Under Climate Change

Objective  This paper focuses on three multifunctional flood solutions — protection, storage and strategic retreat, and analyzes them in the context of four specific cases in the Netherlands.

Methods  In addition, the paper analyzes the characteristics of four cases, including multifunctional inland levees, multifunctional coastal levees, water plazas, and integrated parking lots and reservoirs.

Results  These cases combine flood protection measures (e.g. levees and reservoirs) with functions such as parking, retail, plazas and parks.

Conclusion  Incorporating transportation and other programmatic demands. Or aspects, such as iconic designs and active edges with retail storefronts, should be considered after the main objectives of flood management have been addressed.