Abstract: The urban construction impacts and erodes the rural landscape, making it lose its features and regional aesthetics gradually. The research on the characteristics and evolution of rural landscape patterns from the perspective of spatial process is the basis of its protection and regulation. This paper firstly proposes a multi-scale analysis framework of the evolution of rural landscape patterns. Secondly, it presents the characteristics of spatial patterns of different scales of rural town Wuzhen in the pattern language. Finally, it analyzes the multi-scale spatial process as reasons for the formation and changes of spatial patterns. The research has found that the natural ecological process is the dominant process on the whole scale reflecting the demand for human settlement security and flood prevention. The economic production process is the major impetus on the complex scale reflecting the mutual adaptation of traffic and industry. The cultural process is the main driving force on the single scale making the spatial pattern of rural landscape present local characteristics towards people’s intentions and needs. The conclusion is instructive to the development of multi-scale protection, restoration, maintenance and promotion strategies of rural landscape.