Abstract: In history, the pestilence cost mankind dearly. But after the epidemic outbreak, people constantly reflected, improved and strengthened construction in various fields. This brought considerable opportunities for the development of cities, public health and landscape. In the process of dealing with major urban public health events, Britain, like many countries, suffered devastating attacks. It also had its own particularity, which resulted in many special factors to affect the historical development process of world cities and landscape architecture. In this paper, we select two infectious disease events in the British history, namely the Black Death and Cholera, to review the impacts of pestilence on urban reconstruction, public health reform and landscape architecture development. It proposes that pestilence is a double-edged sword of natural ecology, which reverses the construction of public health and promotes the legislation of environment and public space. The response to the pestilence has promoted the development of landscape justice from one aspect, and made people reexamine the relationship between man and nature. It will provide experience and reference for cities to respond to major public health events.