Abstract: How to improve the microclimate and thermal comfort of landscape architecture is becoming an important topic in the application of research for practical design. With an aim to regulate the summer heat and dryness of the Tuman River in Kashgar, Xinjiang, this research, based on existing researches, carries out the microclimate simulation to optimize the thermal comfort layout of design. It explores the waterfront landscape planning and design path based on the microclimate adaptability of landscape architecture, as well as hydrodynamics, big data, and visual experience. It carries out river hydrodynamic simulation, SVF calculation, thermal comfort simulation, and simulated distribution of urban population. Based on the design recommendations, it develops the overall layout into three designs. Then it compares the thermal comfort scenarios of each design, showing that the scheme with higher green coverage is the best, which takes the proportion of space area below the WBGT index 27 ℃ as the guiding basis of the design selection. It puts forward the final design and further proves the existing research conclusions.