Abstract: Tackling climate change has now become one of the core issues of countries around the world, and several countries and regions have proposed carbon neutrality goals. Urban climate and environment changes are directly related to urban carbon storage and carbon sink capacity, and carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals also affect the construction and development of human living environment in the future. Based on the inverse derivation of high-definition satellite remote sensing images, this research obtains the carbon storage value in the central urban area of Beijing through an estimation formula, based on which achieves a preliminary evaluation of the current carbon sink capacity thereof. Additionally, it selects 130 sub-district areas as research units to grade carbon sink capacity at the block scale and, in combination with the meteorological data indicators of 38 meteorological stations in the central urban area of Beijing, further analyzes the coupling relationship between carbon storage, climate environment indicator and vegetation index for a quantitative study of the impact of vegetation on the improvement of carbon sink capacity and climate environment. Finally, it puts forward pertinent strategies to improve carbon storage capacity and climate environment in the view of block scale, namely expanding block vegetation coverage, increasing 3D green quantity and improving vegetation conservation level.