Abstract: Shangzhang Village in Tangkou Town, Mount Huangshan is a typical case of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM). Taking Shangzhang Village as an example, this research analyzes the feasibility, challenges and implementation path of CBNRM mode in China. Specifically, this research 1) constructs a conceptual model of CBNRM based on literature study; 2) examines the natural resource management experience of Shangzhang Village, and analyzes the challenges the village currently faces in individual development and resource protection based on relevant archives, questionnaires and interview materials; 3) proposes a strategy for promoting Shangzhang Village to achieve self-management following the conceptual model constructed, and verifies the effectiveness of the strategy through on-site practice. Additionally, this research puts forward three approaches to community management in China’s protected areas under the CBNRM mode: management mechanism optimization, community capacity building, and sustainable livelihoods guidance. It is demonstrated that the three approaches can promote the coordination of community development and nature conservation, and provide references and insights for overcoming institutional, perceptual and financial barriers to community management in China’s protected areas. This research proves that CBNRM is compatible with China’s ecological civilization and rural revitalization strategies, and thus contributes Chinese wisdom to the coordination of nature conservation and community prosperity.