Abstract: As a historical witness and a carrier of cultural inheritance, traditional villages are an important part of traditional cultural heritage. Aiming at the problem of how to protect and develop traditional villages on the Loess Plateau, this research selects 13 typical samples for field investigation and, in combination with historical materials such as local chronicles, summarizes 6 typical production-living-ecological space patterns of traditional villages on the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi by such methods as induction and spatial analysis, with the typical production-living-ecological spatial characteristics of traditional villages as the entry point. The key 6 patterns include overlooking river along plateau, facing river with back to mountain, overlooking mountain on plateau, hiding in deep pits surrounded by woods, embracing plateau at waterside, and facing water against mountain. Furthermore, the research summarizes the 3 internal laws of “concealment” “tactful reference” and “flexible use” previously observed in the process of human-land interaction, and proposes 5 internal rules and wisdom for the location and construction of traditional villages from the perspectives of emergency and disaster prevention, life convenience and comfort, production facilitation and landscape layout, human-land relationship, thus positively contributing to the inheritance and development of traditional rural cultural heritage, as well as the exploration and excavation of tradition and ecological human settlement wisdom during the construction of regional landscape on the Loess Plateau.