CN 11-5366/S     ISSN 1673-1530
“风景园林,不只是一本期刊。”

京广高铁沿线武汉乌龙泉镇生境质量演变特征研究

Evolution Characteristics of Habitat Quality Along the Beijing – Guangzhou High-Speed Railway in Wulongquan Town, Wuhan

  • 摘要:
    目的 高铁作为中国重要的交通基础设施,其建设和运营不可避免对沿线环境造成不同程度的影响,如土地利用变化、生境质量变化、生物多样性干扰等,但其影响程度、范围等科学问题亟待深入研究。
    方法 以京广高铁武汉江夏区生态本底良好的乌龙泉镇为研究区域,运用InVEST 3.2模型,分析2000—2010年、2010—2020年、2000—2020年研究区域生境质量的时空演变,探讨京广高铁建设对两侧生境质量的影响特征。
    结果 1)研究区域用地类型转化有时段差异:2000—2010年主要是林地、湿地和水体转化为耕地,2010—2020年则是耕地向其他类转化。2)镇域生境质量先差后优:建设用地扩张使生境质量较差区域的面积持续增加,生境质量优良的林地和水体面积为先减后增。3)核心区域的生境质量变化特征与镇域表现一致。2000—2020年,高铁建设对沿线核心区生境质量的影响明显,生境质量整体变差,部分水域湿地生境质量提高。
    结论 京广高铁沿线土地利用方式的改变很大程度影响了沿线的生境质量。高铁两侧用地类型及结构不同,对两侧生境质量的影响程度各不同:高铁沿线西侧随远离高铁距离的增加,生境质量呈现“先降后升”特点,而东侧则相反。分析高铁不同时间对沿线乡镇生境质量影响特征,可为沿线生物多样性保护和受损生境修复以及美丽乡村建设等提供参考依据。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The construction and operation of high-speed railway, an important transportation infrastructure in China, will inevitably influence the surrounding environment by causing land use change, habitat quality change, biodiversity disturbance, etc. However, the degree and scope of such influence and other relevant scientific issues need to be further studied.
    Methods With good ecological background, Wulongquan Town in Jiangxia District, Wuhan City, is taken as the research area of this research. This research adopts the InVEST model to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of habitat quality in the research area during the periods from 2000 to 2010, from 2010 to 2020, and from 2000 to 2020, and to explore the influence of the Beijing − Guangzhou High-Speed Railway (the Railway) on habitat quality along the Railway.
    Results Research results are as follows: 1) There exist time differences in the conversion of land use type in the research area. The change of land use type on both sides of the Railway before and after the construction of the Wuhan section of the Railway is mostly influenced by the conversion of cultivated land: during the period from 2000 to 2010, mainly forest land, wetland and water body were converted into cultivated land, and during the period from 2010 to 2020, cultivated land was converted into other land use types. 2) Before and after the construction of the town area and core area of the Wuhan section of the Railway, the overall habitat quality is first poor and then excellent: the expansion of construction land leads to a continuous increase in the area of areas with poor habitat quality, while the area of forest land and water body with good habitat quality decreases first and then increases, thus improving the overall habitat quality. The change of land use mode along the Railway greatly influences the habitat quality. The area with unchanged habitat quality is mainly the construction concentration area in the northwest of the core area. The proportion of areas with poor habitat quality is the largest, mainly in the middle of the core area and distributed in patches. The areas with improved habitat quality are distributed in the middle of the core area and the water body area near the Liangzi Lake. 3) The variation characteristics of habitat quality in the core area are consistent with those in the town area. During the period from 2000 to 2020, the construction of the Railway had a significant influence on the habitat quality in the core area along the Railway, accompanied by the deterioration of the overall habitat quality and the improvement of wetland habitat quality in some waters.
    Conclusion 1) The change of land use pattern along the Railway greatly influences the habitat quality along the Railway. During the township construction period of the Wuhan section of the Railway, a large number of forest lands, wetlands and water bodies were converted into cultivated land, while after the construction of the Wuhan section, the area of forest lands and water bodies increased significantly, and most of them were converted from cultivated land, reflecting the change tendency of land use type along the sample section of the Railway along with the construction of the sample section, and the results of the continuous improvement of greening and of the adoption of positive measures for improving the ecological environment such as “returning farmland to forest” along the sample section upon completion of the construction thereof. Although the habitat quality along the Railway has improved after the Railway enters the operation period, the damage to habitat quality caused by the construction of the Railway may be irreversible. The change of the proportion of habitat quality grade is also different, but it is basically consistent with the change degree of land use type, proving that the change of land use type may reflect the change of habitat quality. 2) Different land use types and structures on both sides of the Railway have different impacts on the habitat quality on both sides: With the increase of distance away from the Railway, the habitat quality on the west side of the Railway becomes increasingly improved, while the opposite is true on the east side. The change trend of habitat quality on the west side of the core area is simple, and the habitat quality of the core area “decreases first and then increases” with the increase of the distance away from the Railway. On the east side, the change of habitat quality index is quite complex, and the overall change shows the trend of “increasing first and then decreasing”, opposite to that on the west side. The habitat thresholds on the west side are about 400 m, 1,400 m and 2,600 m, and those on the east side are about 1,600 m and 2,200 m, respectively. There are differences in the habitat thresholds on both sides, for which the main reason is that the west side of the Railway is featured by simple land use type and relatively uniform spatial distribution, while the east side is close to water with complex boundary influencing factors. Through the analysis of land use type change in the sample section of the Railway in Wulongquan Town, Wuhan, this research explores the internal causes of changes in the ecological quality along the Railway. The accuracy of the results of this research needs to be continuously corrected on the basis of long-term field investigation, recording and monitoring. The research may provide a reference for the research on influence rules and restoration suggestions with respect to a high-speed railway for a certain time of period after the high-speed railway is built, including ecological protection, ecological restoration, biodiversity protection, township construction and land use type conversion along the high-speed railway.

     

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