Objective Currently, urban built-up areas have a good green coverage rate, and urban development has entered a new stage of stock improvement from incremental expansion. In view of this, how should we better promote the integration of urban parks, boost the harmonious coexistence between human and nature, and meet the new needs and expectations of the people for getting close to nature and better enjoying leisure and recreation as well as sports and fitness in high-density environments? The opening and sharing of urban green spaces has become an important trend in the development of urban living environment in the new era, and the exploration of the concept of opening and sharing and the construction path for urban parks and green spaces is of important practical significance and theoretical value. Since its implementation at the beginning of the year, park opening and sharing has received quite positive response, but in the initial stage, the maximum value of park opening and sharing has not been fully realized. Therefore, summarizing the construction measures and paths for parks and green spaces is of great significance for promoting the practical implementation of urban green space construction in China.

Methods/process With the continuous growth of urban population, available recreational spaces have become increasingly scarce, especially in high-density environments where open spaces such as parks and green spaces have become scarce resources, which endows the current opening and sharing of parks and green spaces with great significance. Based on the four major measures currently implemented and potential improvement directions, this research proposes a fine construction path for parks and green spaces in the new era from the four aspects of space, maintenance, management, and operation, which is hereby described as follows. 1) Further open green spaces by opening up space boundaries, and create park-like scenes. The existing open green spaces are mainly concentrated in large urban parks, and the service radius of parks in high-density urban areas is insufficient to achieve green welfare for all in the city. Therefore, more open green space is needed in limited construction areas. In order to achieve accessible and experiential green spaces opened to and shared by all, it is supposed to open up space boundaries and create a green space connectivity network. 2) Ensure more scientific maintenance with a focus on maintenance mechanisms and means to promote harmonious coexistence between human and nature. In addition to the existing maintenance methods of land improvement, regular fertilization, and pest control, for accessible open lawns and green spaces, scientific considerations need to be made in terms of maintenance cost, mechanism, and method. 3) Achieve more precise management that emphasizes multi-party co-construction and co-governance and follows the people-centered concept, to widely absorb social forces and attract the public to participate in green space construction. Adhering to the people-centered approach and fully mobilizing public participation in the management and organization of parks and green spaces is an important way to comprehensively coordinate social interests in green space construction. Multi-party co-construction and co-governance is conducive to enhancing the sense of participation, belonging and responsibility of citizens, and promoting the sustainable development of urban parks and green spaces. 4) Operate more reasonably, transform management and maintenance concepts and methods, and enable park operations to drive urban development. To achieve this, it is supposed to optimize the spatial layout of supply, increase diverse festival planning, and improve supporting infrastructure during park operations, and incorporate the construction of park-like scenarios into event operations following the principle of benefiting all age groups in a full-time manner.

Results/conclusion The opening and sharing of parks and green spaces is a new starting point for the harmonious coexistence between human and nature in the Chinese road to modernization. With the improvement of the opening level and development of parks and green spaces, various provinces and cities in China will also optimize and upgrade their construction paths based on spatial opening, boundary connectivity and sharing, scientific and precise maintenance, multi-party co-construction and co-governance and park operation to meet supply and demand needs under current important measures. This will achieve the scientific, standardized, and rational opening and sharing of urban green spaces, so that parks and green spaces can not only deepen the people-centered concept, but also become an important means to support the high-quality development of cities, thus achieving harmonious coexistence between human and nature, and highlighting the important value of parks and green spaces as public welfare and public products. This research may provide theoretical reference and guidance for the opening and sharing of parks and green spaces across the country, provide scientific support and guidance for the high-quality construction and use and efficient governance of urban parks and green spaces, and provide positive support for the sustainable development of cities. In the future, the opening and sharing of parks and green spaces will not be limited to the provision of leisure and entertainment space for citizens, but will also assist cities in achieving industrial transformation and incubation in combination with such contents as economic layout, intelligent digital technology, optimization and upgrading of green space layout, and operation management.