Objective In recent years, groundbreaking generative algorithms such as GPT-4 and Diffusion have propelled a new wave of technological revolution, significantly impacting various fields, including landscape architecture. This research reviews the integration of these advanced algorithms into landscape architecture, with a focus on their adaptability across different stages of design. These algorithms, known for their capability to generate texts and images, are poised to revolutionize design methodologies by offering innovative solutions that can transform traditional practices.

Methods The methodology of this research involves a systematic exploration of generative algorithms applied in a structured framework within the landscape architecture domain. The process is divided into four distinct stages: text generation, layout generation, master plan rendering, and effect visualization. Each stage tests different algorithms to evaluate their practicality and effectiveness and comprehensively assess their capabilities and limitations in real-world design scenarios.

Results 1) Text generation: The initial stage of the design process involves generating descriptive texts based on input queries. Traditional LLMs like GPT-4 show robust capabilities in general text generation but often lack the nuanced understanding required for specialized fields such as landscape architecture. To address this, the research employs techniques such as fine-tuning and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to enhance the specificity and relevance of the outputs to landscape architecture. Despite these efforts, the adaptability of LLMs to generate contextually rich and technically accurate descriptions remains a significant challenge. The research suggests that integrating domain-specific knowledge bases and employing advanced tuning methods may improve the performance of LLMs in generating more relevant design descriptions.Layout generation. 2）Layout generation: The research explores the use of generative adversarial network (GAN), specifically CycleGAN and Pix2Pix, which can adapt source domain images to target domain layouts. These models excel in identifying and translating underlying design patterns without the need for direct supervision, which aligns well with creative design practices that value innovation over replication. The research highlights the potential of these algorithms to understand and reinterpret spatial data into feasible design layouts, showcasing their capability to innovate within the predefined norms of landscape architecture. 3）Master plan rendering: The master plan rendering stage is critical for producing detailed and accurate architectural drawings. The research tests the efficacy of large pre-trained models like Stable Diffusion and examines their integration with traditional GAN for enhanced precision. The findings indicate that while Stable Diffusion provides high-quality image outputs, its application in producing detailed technical drawings is limited. The research introduces a hybrid approach, combining the strengths of GAN for structural accuracy and the image quality of Stable Diffusion, to produce renderings that are both aesthetically pleasing and technically detailed. 4）Effect visualization: The final stage involves creating detailed three-dimensional visual effects from the two-dimensional plans. This stage tests the adaptability of algorithms to translate flat designs into vivid, multi-dimensional landscapes. Techniques such as ControlNet and specialized tuning methods like LoRA are used to fine-tune the visual outputs to meet specific aesthetic and functional requirements. The research delves into the challenges of maintaining the fidelity of the original design while enhancing the visual representation, which emphasizes the need for sophisticated control mechanisms to achieve high-quality visualizations.

Conclusion The research concludes that while generative algorithms hold significant promise for the field of landscape architecture, their success is contingent upon targeted adaptations and enhancements tailored to specific design tasks. The complexities of integrating these technologies into a coherent design process highlight the necessity for a multidisciplinary approach that leverages both technological innovations and traditional design principles. Future research should aim to develop an integrated system that combines various AI technologies, potentially transforming the landscape architecture field by streamlining and enhancing the design process. This integrated approach could pave the way for new methodologies that seamlessly merge theoretical and practical aspects of landscape design, thus fostering innovation and efficiency.