CN 11-5366/S     ISSN 1673-1530
“风景园林,不只是一本期刊。”

南岭国家公园多层级生态廊道体系构建研究

Research on the Construction of Multi-level Ecological Corridor System in Nanling National Park

  • 摘要: 【目的】探索适应未来环境变化、耦合生态系统层级结构、实行差异化建设管控的国家公园生态廊道体系,有助于实现缓解生境破碎化、强化国家公园功能的目标。【方法】以(拟建)南岭国家公园为例,依据生态功能重要性识别区域层级生态源地;结合气候与相关规划模拟未来情景,采用MaxEnt模型进行生境适宜性评价确定园区层级生态源地。以阻碍生态物质流动与生物迁移的相关因素构建各层级阻力面,基于电路理论提取生态廊道。再采用地理探测器识别源地的生态本底特征,从而确定廊道宽度与生态踏脚石,并通过踏脚石进行层级嵌套。最终,依据生态本底特征进行景观异质性分析,制定差异化建设管控内容。【结果】在南岭国家公园生态廊道体系中,共提取园区层级生态廊道154条,并通过13个生态踏脚石与52条区域层级生态廊道进行层级嵌套连接。划分了12类建设管控分区,以林业小班为单元制定了差异化的建设管控内容。【结论】多层级生态廊道体系的建立,提高了国家公园园区内部生境及所在区域的连通性,可有效支撑生态廊道的建设与实施,增强了国家公园在自然保护地体系中的主体支撑作用。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 Influenced by natural environmental changes and human activities, habitat fragmentation is a widespread phenomenon in nature conservation areas. Constructing ecological corridors is an effective measure to mitigate habitat fragmentation. However, current research on ecological corridors often focuses on urban areas and uses historical data for the spatial delineation of corridors at a single level. But there is a significant difference between national parks, which aggregate valuable ecological resources, and urban areas. Moreover, current research on ecological corridors also lacks adaptability to future environmental changes, fails to correspond to the multi-level and multi-scale attributes of ecosystems, and the specific goals and measures for construction and regulation are not clear. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore a national park ecological corridor system that adapts to future environmental changes, corresponds to the multi-level and multi-scale attributes of ecosystems, and implements differentiated construction and regulation. 【Method】 This research proposes a national park ecological corridor system that considers future environmental changes, corresponds to the hierarchy of ecosystems, and implements differentiated construction and regulation. It establishes a framework for ecological corridor construction based on future scenario simulation (Construction of individual levels - Connecting Multiple Levels - Differentiated construction and regulation). Taking Nanling National Park as a case study, we first constructed regional-level (ecosystem level) and park-level (community level) ecological corridors. At the regional level, ecological sources were identified based on the importance of ecosystem functions, and resistance surfaces were created using factors that hinder the flow of ecological materials. Ecological corridors were extracted based on the circuit theory. At the park level, initial identification of ecological sources was based on species habitat suitability. Combining the climate scenarios ssp126 and ssp585 and relevant planning, the MaxEnt model was used for future scenario simulation to identify ecological sources. Factors that hinder biological migration were used to create resistance surfaces, and ecological corridors were extracted based on the circuit theory. Next, we used the GeoDetector for spatial stratified heterogeneity analysis to identify the ecological background characteristics that affect the generation of ecological sources. The width of ecological corridors was determined based on these characteristics, and ecological corridors were integrated and organized. Then, ecological stepping-stones were used to connect the ecological corridors at different levels. Finally, based on the ecological background characteristics, the landscape heterogeneity between ecological sources and ecological corridors is analyzed, and the objectives and content of differentiated construction and management are formulated. 【Result】 In the ecological corridor system of Nanling National Park, 392 regional-level ecological sources and 85 park-level ecological sources were identified. A total of 990 regional-level ecological corridors and 154 park-level ecological corridors were extracted. The system includes 52 ecological corridors at the regional level and 13 stepping-stones for hierarchical nesting. Based on landscape heterogeneity between ecological sources and corridors within the park, the area was divided into three types of construction and regulation zones and 12 specific measures for differentiated construction and regulation. The goals and content of construction and regulation were implemented at the forestry unit level. Ultimately, the natural succession area covers 633 units with an area of 116.35 km2, accounting for 37.45% of the total ecological corridor area; the artificially promoted natural succession area involves 431 units with an area of 70.15 km2, accounting for 22.58% of the total ecological corridor area; and the artificially repaired area covers 1203 units with an area of 124.21 km2, accounting for 39.98% of the total ecological corridor area. 【Conclusion】 The establishment of the multi-tiered ecological corridor system and differentiated construction and regulation zones has improved habitat connectivity in the national park and its surrounding areas. This effectively supports the implementation and construction of ecological corridors and better leverages the ecological radiation role of the national park, enhancing its dominant role in the natural protection area system.

     

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