Abstract: Objective In response to the challenges of excavating and representing multidimensional elements in classical gardens, taking the Fuhai area in Yuanmingyuan as an example, this study aims to visualize and spatially network the "architecture-environment-behavior-perception" found in the poetry and prose of Emperor Qianlong, thereby expanding the research path of "intangible" gardens based on these literary works. Methods Utilizing text mining, knowledge mapping and other technologies, combined with historical materials such as the Forty Scenic Maps and Stylized Lei Diagrams, the imperial poems on the Fuhai Scenic Spot in the Yuanmingyuan during the Qianlong period were subjected to literary cartography and analysis of the characteristics of the semantic network, with the aim of characterising the linkage mechanism between the objective material elements in the Ten Scenic Spots of the Fuhai Scenic Spot and the subject"s behavioural perception. Results The multi-dimensional information map of ‘architecture-environment-behaviour- perception’ is created and spatially mapped; the characteristics of ‘behaviour-perception’ under the three identity consciousnesses of ‘king"s responsibility’, ‘literati"s mindset’ and ‘idler"s gesture’ are extracted, and the corresponding spatial semantic network of the gardens is constructed. Conclusion Establishing the identity construction approach from "behavior-perception" to "environment-architecture" and a collaborative model of multiple elements, this study aims to elucidate the principles of garden space construction during the Qianlong period, based on the framework of multiple identity constructions.