CN 11-5366/S     ISSN 1673-1530
“风景园林,不只是一本期刊。”

城市景观层积的概念、特征与城市更新途径

Concept and Characteristic of Urban Landscape Layering, and Design Approach Towards Urban Regeneration

  • 摘要:
    目的 城市历史景观(historic urban landscape, HUL)框架下的理论与实践范畴逐渐向城市中未纳入遗产保护体系的区域拓展,HUL成为可持续发展理念下城市更新的重要理论和工具。存量时代的城市景观呈现出多元混杂的特征,更新需求从关注历史文化价值扩展至承载新的价值认同与多元空间体验,适应此特征与需求的设计需深入辨析场地自身及更大区域的历史演变过程。从HUL的层积视角出发展开研究,有助于剖析当代城市景观时空流变过程,探寻整合历史与当代需求的设计路径。
    方法 以层积视角解构城市景观的复杂性。回溯层积概念,并阐释其涵盖的3个时空观念——接续的地层、深度的表面、批判的历史,进而分析城市景观空间特征,再提出更新途径。
    结果 城市景观具有累积、间断、关联3个时空特征,基于此引入城市景观更新实践中映射与锚固、折叠与互文和沉浸与互动3种更新途径。
    结论 在存量更新语境下,以层积视角深度解读城市景观,能为审视过去与洞见未来提供基点,促进更新实践中的形式创新、文化延续与功能转化。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective Contemporary urban landscape is heterogeneous, whose regeneration is grounded in a thorough examination of historical landscape evolution within a broader regional context. In 2011, UNESCO published the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, which defines historic urban landscape (HUL) as the urban area understood as the result of a historic layering of cultural and natural values and attributes. From a layering perspective, landscape is a spatial entity with both synchronic and diachronic characteristics, covering broader spatial scales and temporal dimensions. HUL implementation often faces tensions between conservation and development. The perspective of layering deepens the understanding of the spatio-temporal characteristics of urban landscape, and offers a design framework for the inherent dynamism and complexity of urban landscape.
    Methods To clarify the diachronic and synchronic characteristics of landscape from the perspective of layering, this research reviews related concepts, including layer, stratum, stratification, palimpsest, etc., across multiple disciplines, such as geography, archaeology, history, linguistics, and phenomenology. This research explores the concept of layering from three dimensions: sequential stratum, deep surface, and critical history. Based on these, the spatio-temporal complexity of urban landscapes is analyzed, and novel design approaches are proposed.
    Results Layering can be defined as an understanding of the continuity of historical development and the persistence of the past within the present. It constitutes an integrated, dynamic, and multidimensional spatio-temporal perspective, which can be articulated in the three aspects of sequential stratum, deep surface, and critical history. The concept of layering originates from geology and has since been explored and referenced in disciplines such as archaeology, history, linguistics, and phenomenology. Layering in physical space is visibly evident, as geological stratigraphy and archaeological stratigraphy reveal the temporal and spatial continuity of strata. The geological concept of deep time further embeds temporal changes within surface structures, allowing diachronic observations of the surface through a synchronic lens. Combined with phenomenology, this approach delves deeper into the experiential dimensions of immaterial spaces. Critical historiography reinterprets history with a focus on present concerns, emphasizing the nonlinearity and multilayeredness of historical narratives, thereby extending stratification research from material transformation to conceptual evolution. By employing the concept of layering, the research deconstructs the complexity of urban landscape, identifying three principal characteristics of urban landscape in both temporal and spatial dimensions: cumulativity, discontinuity, and interconnection. Urban landscape evolves through a nonlinear process of accumulation, with physical structures, functions, and meanings continuously transforming. Also, urban landscape displays temporal discontinuity as spatial differences, revealing the dynamic interaction between historical remnants and modern elements. Ultimately, urban landscape is interconnected, creating a multi-layered meaning system that reflects both continuity and dynamism. Under the layering perspective, this research introduces three design approaches — mapping and anchoring, folding and intertextualizing, and immersion and interaction — to integrate history with daily life through multifaceted experiences. Mapping and anchoring facilitate the interpretation and organization of spatial and conceptual relationships. Mapping reveals and systematically screens and organizes the multi-layered, intertwined relationships within a site, while anchoring solidifies these relationships by physically embedding key elements in the space, thereby linking emotional and spatial experience. The regeneration design of Beijing Changchunyuan Park is taken as an example, where historical elements such as water pools and marketplaces are anchored, re-contextualizing the past within contemporary function. Folding and intertextualizing illustrate the dynamic interplay between new and old elements, fostering a complex and interwoven spatial structure that generates shifting, multi-dimensional experience. The concept of folding, which represents the intertwining of temporal and spatial layers, facilitates intertextuality — where the interplay of historical information leads to the production of new narratives and meanings. The redesign of Huadiwan Park in Guangzhou, for instance, intertwines floral symbolism with historical layers, creating a multi-faceted cultural narrative through spatial interventions. Immersion and interaction underscore the embodied engagement between individuals and their environment, wherein multi-sensory experience allows for the perception of historic layers through sight, touch, and sound. These interactions enhance collective memory, transforming space into a dynamic, evolving entity. Regeneration design of the Chenshan Quarry Garden in Shanghai and the Shougang Qunminghu Lake in Beijing exemplify how immersive and interactive design strategies create a responsive, temporally fluid spatial experience. Together, these three approaches provide a comprehensive framework for urban landscape design, integrating historical narratives, spatial relationships, and embodied experience into a cohesive, multi-layered practice.
    Conclusion The research concludes that incorporating the concept of layering offers a comprehensive understanding of urban landscape development and transformation, providing a nuanced and holistic strategy for urban landscape regeneration that balances the preservation of collective memory with sustainable local development.

     

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