Abstract: Statistical data, field survey data and vector map of the settlements of the Dong Minority of Hunan, Guangxi and Guizhou were used as data sources, this article is based on the ArcGIS spatial analyst tools, analyzing spatial distribution characteristics and ecological wisdom of the Dong minority villages. The results showed that the tradictional Dong minority villages mainly distributed on the north or northwestern aspect. They ranged from 500m to 900m on elevation and from 7° to 15° on slope. The distance between the villages and water was less than 100m. The Dong minority villages are of high value distribution in terms of the elevation, aspects, slope, slope and the distance from water system. People choose the location which is middle altitude, appropriate gradient, leeward, full of sunshine and easy to use water. It contains the ecological wisdom of active adaptation to environment and appears the conception which people adapt to local conditions and live in harmony with nature. It is of positive significance to maintain harmony between man and nature.