Abstract: Ecological adaptability study is an important angle to analyze the ecological concept of traditional villages. The paper first introduces the concept and research progress of ecological adaptability, proposing that the study of ecological adaptability of traditional villages contains two parts: natural ecological adaptability and humanistic ecological adaptability. Then the research system of ecological adaptability of traditional mountain villages was constructed. Finally, it takes Huanglingxi Village, Zhaitang Town, Mentougou District, Beijing, as an example, to analyze its natural and humanistic ecological adaptability on the basis of five research perspectives and sums up the concept of ecological adaptation in traditional mountainous villages. Under the method of software simulation analysis, it looks forward to providing experience and reference for the future planning and development of mountain villages and towns in our country