Abstract: Putting the study of rural settlements under the scope of landscape is conducive to the scientific cognition of the unique value of human-land relationship in rural areas. This paper takes two typical mountainous settlements as cases—Longji Village in Northern Guangxi and Vrin in Switzerland. Firstly, it analyzes the relationship between spatial units, and social structure and production activities. Then it explains that the layouts of medium measure architecture clusters are respectively defined by physical geography or centered around public activities. And the two have distinctly different forms in macroscopic spatial patterns due to different agricultural activities. It explores the deep integration of space and human activities from the origin of the generation of rural settlement landscape. Through the comparative study of two cross-cultural cases, it analyzes the causes of the diversity of settlement landscape—which are the rich correlations between natural, cultural, production and spatial elements. Finally, it reveals the multi-value connotation of rural settlement landscape.