Abstract: Urban Heat Island, which is directly related to the quality of urban living environment and residents’ health, leaves profound impacts on urban energy consumption, ecosystem process evolution, biological phenology and sustainable development of urban economy. In this paper, we apply the atmospheric inversion method to analyze the spatial and temporal changes of the urban thermal environment in Chaoyang District of Beijing during the 15 years from 2002 to 2017 using the Landsat remote sensing images from the district in the summer. We find that the proportion index of Urban Heat Islands in Chaoyang District soared rapidly during the 15 years, and the heat island effect increased year by year. Further research shows the quantitative & qualitative relationship between the Land Surface Temperature(LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) using satellite imagery data over the period of 2002 to 2017, the LST was positively correlated with the NDBI: every increase of 0.1 in the NDBI would lead the LST to rise 0.79~2.37 °C; negatively correlated with the NDVI: For every 0.1 increase in the NDVI, a cooling in the range of 0.4~0.77 °C will be formed on the land surface. This study can provide scientific and concrete reference basis for urban planning and construction and urban green space construction, and promote the improvement of human settlements environment and ecological sustainable development.