公园作为学习场所——国家公园解说和环境教育发展探讨
Park as Learning Place: Interpretation and Environmental Educational Development of National Parks
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摘要: 为游客提供教育机会在国家公园成立之初就是其核心任务之一。国家公园作为学习场所，通过提供实地体验，使公众了解这个星球的土地、自然和文化，并激励公众为公园保护建立责任意识。对美国国家公园解说和环境教育历程进行研究，分析并总结了国家公园不同发展时期解说和环境教育的经验，包括国家公园管理局发挥公园领导者的作用，建立专门的解说机构、制定政策、建立标准；联合其他机构、教育团体和社区等建立伙伴关系共同开发教育项目；各公园单元根据自身特点开发各具特色的解说设施和项目。最后提出中国国家公园应建立公园和公众教育的联结并带动其他具有重要生态和文化意义的景区，发展具有教育和激励意义的解说产品。Abstract: Providing visitors with educational opportunities has been one of the core tasks of national park when it was first established. National parks, as learning places, could provide experience of the real world, to let public know about this planet and the land, nature and culture, and inspire the public to establish a sense of responsibility for park protection. By studying the interpretation of U.S. national parks and the environmental education process, this paper analyzes and summarizes the interpretations and environmental education experience of national parks at different development stages, including that National Park Service plays the role of park leader, sets up specialized interpretation agencies, establishes policies and standards, cooperates with other agencies, educational groups and communities to establish partnership in developing educational programs. Each national park unit may develop unique interpretation facilities and programs according to their own characteristics. Finally, it points out that China’s national parks should establish educational links with the public, and facilitate other scenic areas with ecological and cultural significance to develop educational and inspirational explanatory products.
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