CN 11-5366/S     ISSN 1673-1530
“风景园林,不只是一本期刊。”

水利营建影响下海侵地区传统聚落的关联形态研究——以宁绍平原为例

Research on Correlation Morphology of Traditional Settlements in Ingressive Region Under the Influence of Water Conservancy Construction: A Case Study of the Ningshao Plain

  • 摘要:
    目的 探清传统聚落相互关联、邻近相似的形态特征与机制,是建立城乡历史文化遗产区域性保护框架的重要基础。
    方法 在古地图、近代影像地图、地方志等历史资料基础上,与现场踏勘、访谈等田野调查互证对勘,按照“区域演进脉络—历史关联机制—聚落关联形态”思路对海侵地区传统聚落的关联形态特征进行解析。
    结果 以宁绍平原为代表的海侵地区传统聚落的形成、发展与区域水利设施密切相关,它们在用水、防洪和水运通航影响下形成典型的关联特征,主要包括“山水—农田—聚落耦合的景观单元”和“运河海塘关联的城乡组群”类型模式。
    结论 关联形态是传统聚落“关系属性”的空间表达,是对“实体属性”的重要补缺,是城乡历史文化空间整合的历史基础,对传统聚落价值认定、保护以及区域文化传承具有借鉴意义。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective In the long-term historical process, social, economic and cultural exchanges between traditional settlements in China are frequent, and in this dynamic process, the overall regional development is shaped. The relationship between settlements and the environment, as well as between settlements, is a comprehensive logic and meaning system underlying spatial representation that can reflect the regional human context and regional characteristics. Therefore, exploring the correlated and similar morphological characteristics and mechanisms of traditional settlements is an important foundation for establishing a regional protection framework for urban and rural historical and cultural heritage.
    Methods Based on historical data and literature including ancient maps, modern image maps, and local chronicles, this research conducts field surveys, visits, and interviews to corroborate the research results. Starting from the regional evolution process of the coastal invasion area, the historical correlation logic of traditional settlements is sorted out, and based on this, the types and patterns of correlation morphology are summarized.
    Results The marine ingressive regions, represented by the Ningshao Plain, have been affected by seawater intrusion in history and generally face problems such as dense lakes and swamps, frequent saline tides, and severe soil salinization. Therefore, the primary task of regional development is to comprehensively manage and utilize the water environment, which has gradually made water conservancy construction the core condition for the regional development of marine ingressive regions. The primary water conservancy task is to divert and store fresh water, block saline tides for the development of agriculture, and improve water transportation conditions to enhance navigation functions for trade transportation, administrative management, and military strategy. Under the support of agricultural development based on water conservancy project and urban economic development based on canal waterways, a unique regional cultural block is formed in the Ningshao Plain as a result of the close linkage and interaction between various sectors within the plain. On the one hand, by adapting to nature and moderately transforming and utilizing land resources, an agricultural system centered on water conservancy facilities is formed. On the other hand, a hierarchical urban-rural system is formed by connecting some originally unrelated towns and villages through linear corridors such as canals and roads. Finally, the correlation morphologies of landscape units and cultural corridors are summarized and extracted at two scales. One is the correlation of natural bases in regional landscape units, manifested as human settlement environments featuring the coupling of landscape, farmlands and settlements in different geographic units such as lakes, plains, and coastlines. The other is the point-axis structural correlation of urban-rural settlement clusters, manifested as the integrated urban-rural settlement model of “town − village − city” linked by transportation channels such as canals and seawalls.
    Conclusion Studying the traditional settlement morphology from the regional correlation perspective can shift the research focus from the physical space of ontology elements to the relational space and link the “correlation morphology” with the “ontology morphology”, thus revealing the overall logic and meaning system underlying fragmented spatial representations. This research attempts to provide a foundation for identifying and protecting regional settlement characteristics at a larger scale and further guiding the protection and construction of regional historical and cultural spaces within the framework of territorial spatial planning.

     

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